中国城市 - 丽江 Chinese City - Li Jiang
Zhōngguó chéngshì - Lìjiāng
This content from BM Textbook 4 Lesson 8
中国历史上唐宋以来至民国时期，有一条重要的贸易通道，在这里，汉族与藏族，等少数民族进行茶、马，盐，等重要日用品的贸易活动，这就是著名的茶马古道。而丽江古城是当时茶马古道上的关键城市。当时，南来北往的商人们从很远的地方一路上经历了很多困难来到这里，当地人也就在街道上做起了跟他们有关的生意，为他们的需要提供服务。丽江古城的四方街正是集市的中心，当然也是现在的游客们必来的地方。
Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng Táng Sòng yǐlái zhì mínguó shíqī, yǒu yìtiáo zhòngyào de màoyì tōngdào, zài zhèlǐ, hànzú yǔ zàngzú, děng shǎoshù mínzú jìnxíng chá, mǎ, yán, děng zhòngyào rìyòngpǐn de màoyì huódòng, zhè jiùshì zhùmíng de chá mǎ gǔdào. Ér lìjiāng gǔchéng shì dāngshí chá mǎ gǔdào shàng de guānjiàn chéng shì. Dāngshí, nán lái běi wǎng de shāngrénmen cóng hěn yuǎn de dìfang yílù shàng jīnglì le hěnduō kùnnán lái dào zhèlǐ, dāngdì rén yě jiù zài jiēdào shàng zuò qǐle gēn tāmen yǒuguān de shēngyì, wèi tāmen de xūyào tígōng fúwù. Lìjiāng gǔchéng de sìfāng jiē zhèng shì jíshì de zhōngxīn, dāngrán yěshì xiànzài de yóukèmen bì lái de dìfāng.
生词 New Words：
贸易hsk5 (màoyì) v. trade; commerce
民族hsk4 (mínzú) n. nation; nationality; ethnic group
进行hsk4 (jìníng) v. in progress; conduct; carry out
日用品hsk5 (rìyòng pǐn) n. articles of everyday use
活动hsk4 (huódòng) n. activity
关键hsk4 (guānjiàn) adj. critical; n. key; hinge
往hsk4 (wǎng) v. go
经历hsk4 (jīnglì) v. go through
困(kùn) v. be stranded; be afflicted; adj. sleepy 困难hsk4 (kùnnán) n. difficulty
生意hsk4 (shēngyì) n. business; trade
集市 (jíshì) n. country fair; marketplace
Google Translation: In Chinese history, from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Republic of China, there was an important trade channel. Here, the Han, Tibetans, and other ethnic minorities trade tea, horses, salt, and other important daily necessities. This is the famous Tea-Horse Road. The ancient city of Lijiang was the key city on the Tea Horse Road at that time. At that time, the merchants traveling from the north to the south experienced many difficulties to come here from far away, and the locals also started their business on the streets and provided services for their needs. The Sifang Street in the Old Town of Lijiang is the center of the market, and of course it is also a must-see for tourists nowadays.
丽江市位于云南省的西北部，这里的少数民族众多。中国是一个多民族的国家，共有56个民族，其中以汉族人口最多。丽江总人口在一百三十万左右，一半以上是少数民族，大概有22种，其中纳西族人口最多。
Lìjiāng shì wèiyú yúnnán shěng de xīběi bù, zhèlǐ de shǎoshù mínzú zhòngduō. Zhōngguó shì yíge duō mínzú de guójiā, gòngyǒu 56 ge mínzú, qízhōng yǐ hànzú rénkǒu zuìduō. Lìjiāng zǒng rénkǒu zài yìbǎi sānshí wàn zuǒyòu, yíbàn yǐshàng shì shǎoshù mínzú, dàgài yǒu 22 zhǒng, qízhōng nàxī zú rénkǒu zuìduō.
生词 New Words：
12. 人口hsk5 (rénkǒu) n. population
Google Translation: where there are many ethnic minorities. China is a multi-ethnic country with 56 ethnic groups in total, among which the Han ethnic group has the largest population. The total population of Lijiang is about 1.3 million, more than half of which are ethnic minorities, and there are about 22 species, among which the Naxi ethnic group has the largest population.
纳西族崇拜自然神，十分重视自然环境。有一个故事说，曾经有一位土司（a title of Chinese minority leaders）叫木增，他羡慕京城的高大城墙，决定在丽江也建这样的城墙，这引起了当地人们的担心，因为建城墙就需要砍伐森林，于是百姓们找来了一位长者，请他去提醒土司这件事有多严重，长者给土司写下了一个字“困”。土司姓木，看到这个字后，理解了长者的意思，“困”字的形状就像城墙把“木”困在里边，不能出来。他决定放弃修建城墙的决定。丽江建城的时候特意选择了这个三面环山的地方，有着天然的保护，所以并不那么需要城墙，也因为没有城墙，商人的马队可以从各个方向进入古城，方便的交通吸引了大量的商人来此。
Nàxī zú chóngbài zìrán shén, shí fèn zhòngshì zìrán huánjìng. Yǒu yíge gùshì shuō, céngjīng yǒu yí wèi tǔsī (a title of Chinese minority leaders) jiào mù zēng, tā xiànmù jīngchéng de gāodà chéngqiáng, juédìng zài lìjiāng yě jiàn zhèyàng de chéngqiáng, zhè yǐnqǐ le dāng dì rénmen de dānxīn, yīnwèi jiànchéngqiáng jiù xūyào kǎnfá sēnlín, yúshì bǎixìngmen zhǎo láile yí wèi zhǎng zhě, qǐng tā qù tíxǐng tǔsī zhè jiàn shì yǒu duō yánzhòng, zhǎng zhě gěi tǔsī xiě xià le yíge zì “困kùn”. Tǔsī xìng 木mù, kàn dào zhège zì hòu, lǐjiě le zhǎng zhě de yìsi,“困kùn” zì de xíngzhuàng jiù xiàng chéngqiáng bǎ “木mù” kùn zài lǐbian, bùnéng chūlai. Tā juédìng fàngqì xiūjiàn chéngqiáng de juédìng. Lìjiāng jiàn chéng de shíhou tèyì xuǎnzé le zhège sānmiàn huán shān de dìfang, yǒuzhe tiānrán de bǎohù, suǒyǐ bìng bú nàme xūyào chéngqiáng, yě yīnwèi méiyǒu chéngqiáng, shāngrén de mǎduì kěyǐ cóng gège fāngxiàng jìnrù gǔchéng, fāngbiàn de jiāotōng xīyǐn le dàliàng de shāngrén lái cǐ.
生词 New Words：
13. 崇拜hsk6 (chóngbài) v. worship
14. 自然hsk4 (zìrán) n. nature adv. naturally
15. 重视hsk4 (zhòngshì) v. attach importance; pay attention to
16. 羡慕hsk4 (xiànmù) v. admire
17. 墙hsk4 (qiáng) n. wall
18. 引起hsk4 (yǐnqǐ) v. give rise to; lead to
19. 砍伐 (kǎnfá) v. fell (trees)
20. 长者 (zhǎngzhě) n. elder; senior
21. 严重hsk (yánzhòng) adj. serious
22. 理解hsk4 (líjiě) v. understand
23. 形状hsk5 (xíngzhuàng) n. form; shape
24. 队 (duì) team; group
25. 方向hsk4 (fāngxiàng) n. direction; orientation
27. 吸引hsk4 (xīyǐn) v. attract
Google Translation: The Naxi people worship natural gods and attach great importance to the natural environment. There is a story that there was once a chieftain (a title of Chinese minority leaders) named Mu Zeng. He envied the tall walls of the capital and decided to build such a wall in Lijiang. This caused the local people’s concern because the construction of the wall required After cutting down the forest, the people found an elder and asked him to remind the chieftain how serious this matter was. The elder wrote the word "sleepy" to the chieftain. The tusi surnamed Mu. After seeing this word, he understood the meaning of the elder. The shape of the word "sleepy" is like a city wall trapping "wood" inside and cannot come out. He decided to abandon the decision to build the city wall. When the city was built, Lijiang chose this place surrounded by mountains on three sides. It has natural protection, so there is no need for a city wall. Because there is no city wall, the horse teams of merchants can enter the ancient city from all directions. The convenient transportation attracts a large number of merchants. this.
在丽江古城家家门前都有水，玉龙雪山的雪水绕城而流。直到今天丽江的自然环境仍是吸引游客的重要原因之一。
Zài lìjiāng gǔchéng jiā jiā mén qián dōu yǒu shuǐ, Yùlóng xuěshān de xuě shuǐ rào chéng ér liú. Zhídào jīntiān lìjiāng de zìrán huánjìng réng shì xīyǐn yóukè de zhòngyào yuányīn zhī yī.
生词 New Words：
绕hsk5 (rào) v. move around; circle
直到 (zhídào) v. until
Google Translation: There is water in front of every house in the ancient city of Lijiang, and the snow from Jade Dragon Snow Mountain flows around the city. To this day, the natural environment of Lijiang is still one of the important reasons for attracting tourists.
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