麻将——中国最流行的传统游戏之一
- Sissi Yan
- Dec 2, 2024
- 8 min read
Májiàng——Zhōngguó zuì liúxíng de chuántǒng yóuxì zhī yī
Mahjong: One of the Most Popular Traditional Games in China
我小的时候，经常看见长辈们逢年过节围坐在麻将桌旁热火朝天地打麻将，欢声笑语充满整个房间。
Wǒ xiǎo de shíhòu, jīngcháng kànjiàn zhǎngbèi men féng nián guòjié wéi zuò zài májiàng zhuō páng rè huǒ cháo tiān de dǎ májiàng, huān shēng xiào yǔ chōngmǎn zhěng gè fángjiān.
When I was young, I often saw my elders gathered around the mahjong table during festivals, playing enthusiastically, with laughter filling the entire room.
麻将作为中国最受欢迎的传统游戏之一，不仅是一种娱乐活动，更是一种文化现象。
Májiàng zuòwéi Zhōngguó zuì shòu huānyíng de chuántǒng yóuxì zhī yī, bùjǐn shì yì zhǒng yúlè huódòng, gèng shì yì zhǒng wénhuà xiànxiàng.
Mahjong, as one of the most popular traditional games in China, is not only a form of entertainment but also a cultural phenomenon.
现在，美丽汉语经常举办麻将派对，让学生们在学习中文的同时，体验麻将带来的乐趣和社交机会。
Xiànzài, Měilì Hànyǔ jīngcháng jǔbàn májiàng pàiduì, ràng xuéshēng men zài xuéxí Zhōngwén de tóngshí, tǐyàn májiàng dàilái de lèqù hé shèjiāo jīhuì.
Nowadays, Beautiful Mandarin frequently organizes mahjong parties, allowing students to experience the joy and social aspects of mahjong while learning Chinese.
今天我们就来聊聊麻将的魅力，以及如何玩这个游戏。
Jīntiān wǒmen jiù lái liáo liáo májiàng de mèilì, yǐjí rúhé wán zhège yóuxì.
Today, let’s talk about the charm of mahjong and how to play this fascinating game.
麻将的基本介绍
Májiàng de jīběn jièshào
Basic Introduction to Mahjong
麻将通常由四个人玩，每人手里抓13张牌。
Májiàng tōngcháng yóu sì gè rén wán, měi rén shǒulǐ zhuā 13 zhāng pái.
Mahjong is typically played by four players, with each player starting with 13 tiles.
玩家通过“摸牌”（从牌堆中抽取一张）和“打牌”（打出一张不要的牌）来完成特定的牌型，最终以“胡牌”获胜。
Wánjiā tōngguò “mō pái” (cóng pái duī zhōng chōuqǔ yī zhāng) hé “dǎ pái” (dǎ chū yī zhāng bùyào de pái) lái wánchéng tèdìng de páixíng, zuìzhōng yǐ “hú pái” huòshèng.
Players take turns “drawing tiles” (picking one tile from the pile) and “discarding tiles” (putting down one unwanted tile) to form specific winning combinations. The game is won by completing a hand and declaring “Hu” (winning).
麻将的牌分为三种花色：
Májiàng de pái fēn wéi sān zhǒng huāsè:
Mahjong tiles are divided into three main suits:
1. “万”牌：从一万到九万。
“Wàn” pái: cóng yī wàn dào jiǔ wàn.
Wan (Characters): Numbered from one to nine.
2. “条”牌：从一条到九条（看起来像竹子）。
“Tiáo” pái: cóng yī tiáo dào jiǔ tiáo (kàn qǐlái xiàng zhúzi).
“Tiao” (Bamboo) tiles: Numbered from one to nine (they resemble bamboo sticks).
3. “筒”牌：从一筒到九筒（看起来像竹筒）。
“Tǒng” pái: cóng yī tǒng dào jiǔ tǒng (kàn qǐlái xiàng zhútǒng).
“Tong” (Dots) tiles: Numbered from one to nine (they resemble bamboo tubes).
此外还有风牌（东南西北）和字牌（中、发、白），它们有特殊的得分功能。
Cǐwài hái yǒu fēng pái (dōng, nán, xī, běi) hé zì pái (zhōng, fā, bái), tāmen yǒu tèshū de défēn gōngnéng.
In addition, there are Wind tiles (East, South, West, North) and Honor tiles (Red, Green, White), which have special scoring functions.
如何玩麻将
Rúhé wán májiàng
How to Play Mahjong
1. 如何开局
Rúhé kāijú
Starting the Game
• 每位玩家掷骰子确定起始方位。
Měi wèi wánjiā zhì shǎizi quèdìng qǐshǐ fāngwèi.
Each player rolls dice to determine the starting position.
• 将麻将牌洗混后摞成两排，每人从中抓13张牌。庄家多抓一张，形成14张。
Jiāng májiàng pái xǐ hùn hòu luò chéng liǎng pái, měi rén cóng zhōng zhuā 13 zhāng pái. Zhuāngjiā duō zhuā yī zhāng, xíngchéng 14 zhāng.
The tiles are shuffled and stacked into two rows. Each player draws 13 tiles, with the dealer drawing one extra tile to have 14.
2. 如何摸牌与打牌
Rúhé mō pái yǔ dǎ pái
Drawing and Discarding Tiles
• 庄家先打出一张不需要的牌，从此进入顺时针轮流摸牌、打牌的流程。
Zhuāngjiā xiān dǎ chū yī zhāng bù xūyào de pái, cóng cǐ jìnxíng shùnshízhēn lúnhuí mō pái, dǎ pái de liúchéng.
The dealer discards the first tile, starting the clockwise turn of drawing and discarding tiles.
• 玩家可以从牌堆中摸牌，也可以通过“吃”“碰”“杠”来用别人的牌凑出自己需要的组合。
Wánjiā kěyǐ cóng pái duī zhōng mō pái, yě kěyǐ tōngguò “chī,” “pèng,” “gàng” lái yòng biérén de pái còu chū zìjǐ xūyào de zǔhé.
Players can draw tiles from the pile or use discarded tiles through “Chi” (sequence), “Peng” (set of three), or “Gang” (set of four) to form combinations they need.
3. 如何胡牌 （赢得游戏）
Rúhé hú pái (yíngdé yóuxì)
Winning (Hu) the Game
玩家胡牌需要满足手中有14张牌，手中的牌有3张连牌-顺子，或者3张同样的牌-刻字，算一个组合，4个组合是12张牌，然后最后两张要是对子-相同的两张牌，当满足这个条件就能胡牌。 自摸： 当手中的牌已经完满了（四个组合牌，一个单牌），那么自己摸到一张和单牌同样的牌，即可构成胡牌。
Wánjiā hú pái xūyào mǎnzú shǒu zhōng yǒu 14 zhāng pái, shǒu zhōng de pái yǒu 3 zhāng lián pái - shùnzi, huòzhě 3 zhāng tóngyàng de pái - kèzi, suàn yī gè zǔhé, 4 gè zǔhé shì 12 zhāng pái, ránhòu zuìhòu liǎng zhāng yào shì duìzi - xiāngtóng de liǎng zhāng pái. Dāng mǎnzú zhège tiáojiàn jiù néng hú pái.
To win (Hu), a player must have 14 tiles: 4 groups of tiles (either sequences of 3 tiles or sets of 3 identical tiles, totaling 12), and the final two tiles must be a pair of identical tiles.
可以是4个顺子 + 1个对子
Kěyǐ shì sì gè shùnzi + yī gè duìzi.
It can be 4 sequences (shunzi) + 1 pair (duizi).
可以是4个刻字 + 1个对子
Kěyǐ shì sì gè kèzi + yī gè duìzi.
It can be 4 triplets (kezi) + 1 pair (duizi).
也可以是任意个刻子、顺子 + 1个对子的组合
Yě kěyǐ shì rènyì gè kèzi, shùnzi + yī gè duìzi de zǔhé.
It can also be any combination of triplets (kezi) and sequences (shunzi) + 1 pair (duizi).
麻将的基本术语
Májiàng de jīběn shùyǔ
Basic Mahjong Terminology
1. 吃：当上家打出的牌可以和自己手中的两张牌组成顺子时，可以“吃”这张牌。
示例对话：
Shìlì duìhuà (Example dialogue):
Chī:
Dāng shàngjiā dǎ chū de pái kěyǐ hé zìjǐ shǒuzhōng de liǎng zhāng pái zǔchéng shùnzi shí, kěyǐ “chī” zhè zhāng pái.
When the tile discarded by the previous player can combine with two tiles in your hand to form a sequence, you can “Chi” this tile.
• A：（打出）“4万”。
(Dǎ chū) “4 Wàn.”
(Discards) “4 Wan.”
• B：“我吃！”（用“3万”“4万”“5万”凑成顺子）。
“Wǒ chī!” (Yòng “3 Wàn,” “4 Wàn,” “5 Wàn” còuchéng shùnzi).
“I Eat!” (Uses “3 Wan,” “4 Wan,” and “5 Wan” to form a sequence).
2. 碰：当任何玩家打出一张和自己已有两张牌相同的牌时，可以“碰”。
示例对话：
Shìlì duìhuà (Example dialogue):
Pèng:
Dāng rènhé wánjiā dǎ chū yī zhāng hé zìjǐ yǐyǒu liǎng zhāng pái xiāngtóng de pái shí, kěyǐ “pèng.”
When any player discards a tile that matches two tiles in your hand, you can “Peng” to form a triplet.
• A：（打出）“5筒”。
(Dǎ chū) “5 Tǒng.”
(Discards) “5 Tong.”
• B：“我碰！”（用“5筒”“5筒”“5筒”凑成刻子）。
“Wǒ pèng!” (Yòng “5 Tǒng,” “5 Tǒng,” “5 Tǒng” còuchéng kèzi).
3. 杠：如果凑成四张相同的牌，可以“杠”，并额外摸一张牌。
Gàng:Rúguǒ còuchéng sì zhāng xiāngtóng de pái, kěyǐ “gàng,” bìng éwài mō yī zhāng pái.
If you have four identical tiles, you can declare “Gang” and draw an additional tile.
示例对话：
Shìlì duìhuà (Example dialogue):
• A：“白板”。
“Báibǎn.”
“Whiteboard.”
• A：“我杠！”（补充到四张相同的牌）。
Wǒ gàng!” (Bǔchōng dào sì zhāng xiāngtóng de pái).
“I Gang!” (Completes a set of four identical tiles).
4. 听：如果玩家手中的牌已经接近胡牌，只差一张牌就可以完成牌型，这种状态叫“听”。玩家可以选择告诉其他人自己“听了”，这样可以提醒其他玩家注意，不要轻易打出可能让自己胡牌的牌。
Tīngpái (听牌):
Tìng: Rúguǒ wánjiā shǒu zhōng de pái jīng kuàijíhū chéng gòu hú pái de tiáojiàn, zhǐ xū yī zhāng pái jiù kěyǐ hú, zhè zhǒng zhuàngtài jiào “tīngpái.” Wánjiā kěyǐ gàosù qítā rén zìjǐ yǐ “tīngpái” lái jiàoyù qítā rén zhùyì zìjǐ.
If a player’s hand is one tile away from meeting the winning conditions (Hu), this state is called “Tingpai” (Ready to win). The player can declare they are “Tingpai” to alert others of their near-winning status.
示例对话：
Shìlì duìhuà (Example dialogue):
• A：“我听了！”（通知其他玩家自己只差一张牌就可以胡牌）。
“Wǒ tìngpái le!” (Tōngzhī qítā wánjiā zìjǐ zhǐ chà yī zhāng pái jiù kěyǐ hú pái).
“I’m Ting!” (Announcing to other players that they are just one tile away from winning).
5. 胡：完成所有牌型时，玩家喊“胡了！”宣布获胜。
Hú: Wánchéng suǒyǒu páixíng shí, wánjiā hǎn “hú le!” xuānbù huòshèng.
When all your tiles form the required combinations, you can declare “Hu!” to win the game.
麻将的魅力
Májiàng de mèilì
The Charm of Mahjong
麻将的魅力不仅在于规则简单、充满策略性，更在于它能拉近人与人之间的距离。
Májiàng de mèilì bùjǐn zàiyú guīzé jiǎndān, chōngmǎn cèlüè xìng, gèng zàiyú tā néng lā jìn rén yǔ rén zhī jiān de jùlí.
The charm of Mahjong lies not only in its simple rules and strategic depth but also in its ability to bring people closer together.
无论是家庭聚会还是朋友间的小型派对，麻将都是不可或缺的娱乐方式。
Wúlùn shì jiātíng jùhuì háishì péngyǒu jiān de xiǎoxíng pàiduì, májiàng dōu shì bùkě huòquē de yúlè fāngshì.
Whether it’s a family gathering or a casual party with friends, Mahjong is an indispensable form of entertainment.
在游戏中，玩家需要观察、推测、决策，同时还可以增进彼此的感情。
Zài yóuxì zhōng, wánjiā xūyào guānchá, tuīcè, juécè, tóngshí hái kěyǐ zēngjìn bǐcǐ de gǎnqíng.
During the game, players need to observe, deduce, and make decisions, all while strengthening their relationships with one another.
美丽汉语麻将派对
Měilì Hànyǔ Májiàng Pàiduì
Beautiful Mandarin Mahjong Parties
为了让学生更好地体验中国文化，在学习中交朋友，美丽汉语经常举办麻将派对。
Wèile ràng xuéshēng gèng hǎo dì tǐyàn Zhōngguó wénhuà, zài xuéxí zhōng jiāo péngyǒu, Měilì Hànyǔ jīngcháng jǔbàn májiàng pàiduì.
To help students better experience Chinese culture and make friends while learning, Beautiful Mandarin often organizes Mahjong parties.
在轻松愉快的氛围中，学生们不仅可以学会游戏规则，还能用中文与其他玩家交流，练习地道的中文对话。
Zài qīngsōng yúkuài de fēnwéi zhōng, xuéshēngmen bùjǐn kěyǐ xuéhuì yóuxì guīzé, hái néng yòng Zhōngwén yǔ qítā wánjiā jiāoliú, liànxí dìdào de Zhōngwén duìhuà.
In a relaxed and joyful atmosphere, students not only learn the game’s rules but also practice communicating in Mandarin with other players.
例如：
Lìrú:
For example:
• “你喜欢打麻将吗？”
• “Nǐ xǐhuān dǎ májiàng ma?”
“Do you like playing Mahjong?”
• “我快听了！”
• “Wǒ kuài tìng le!”
“I’m almost ready to win!”
• “再摸一张，试试运气！”
• “Zài mō yī zhāng, shìshì yùnqì!”
“Draw one more and try your luck!”
我们马上又要举办一次麻将之夜了，点击这里参加活动！
Wǒmen mǎshàng yòu yào jǔbàn yī cì májiàng zhī yè le, diǎnjī zhèlǐ cānjiā huódòng!
We’re about to host another Mahjong Night soon—click here to join the fun!
Comments